Introduction
Understanding Jainism
Jainism teaches that living beings possess a soul and that acts, passions and violence bind the soul to karma. Liberation requires non-violence, self-control, just knowledge and just conduct.
Mahāvīra is the twenty-fourth Tīrtha ,kara of the present era according to tradition. The two large families, ÷vetāmbara and Digambara, share common bases but differ on texts, monastic life and some narratives.
To be retained
Four essential principles
- Ahisā, non-violence, concerns thoughts, words and deeds.
- Anekāntavāda invites to recognize the plurality of views.
- Jainism is not based on a creative god.
- The monastic and secular requirements are not identical.
Small timeline
A tradition shaped by history
Tīrtha-kara line
Jainism is understood as a periodically renewed tradition.
Mahāvīra
The Buddha's central and contemporary historical figure.
Communities and literature
Development of traditions ÷vetāmbara and Digambara.
Diasporas and influence of the hisā
Global radiation of non-violence and vegetarianism.
History and communities
Jainism has developed in the context of the renouncing movements of ancient India. The monks, nuns and lay communities have produced a considerable philosophical and ritual literature.
The differences between юvetāmbara and Digambara include the canon, ascetic practices and the interpretation of history.
Soul, karma and liberation
The jīva, the living soul, is distinct from matter. Karma is conceived as a subtle substance that attaches to the soul under the effect of acts and passions.
Liberation requires stopping new karmic bonds and exhausting the elders by discipline and knowledge.
- Ahi
- Anekāntavāda
- Aparigraha, non-possession
- Three jewels
- Karma and mok
A demanding ethic
Ascetics observe very strict wishes. Lay people follow commitments adapted to their family and professional life, with particular attention to food and activities that can harm the living.
What research can and cannot say
The effects of vegetarian diet depend on its composition and nutritional monitoring. Prolonged fastings involve risks and require medical vigilance. Jain ideas about the soul and karma are traditional and are not demonstrated by science.
References