Introduction
Understanding Spirituality lakota
Lakota spirituality affirms the interdependence of all relationships. The translation of Waksásásásáska by "Great Spirit" is approximate: the term refers to a great mystery or sacred whose expressions are multiple.
The White Bison Woman transmitted, according to tradition, the sacred pipe and ceremonial teachings.
To be retained
Four essential principles
- Lakota spirituality affirms the interdependence of all relationships.
- The White Bison Woman transmitted, according to tradition, the sacred pipe and ceremonial teachings.
- The sacred pipe *čha-nú-pa*, connects prayer, breath and relationships; its use follows protocols.
- to pray is to recognize and honor the living network of all relationships.
Small timeline
A tradition shaped by history
Origins and training
The White Bison Woman transmitted, according to tradition, the sacred pipe and ceremonial teachings.
Historical developments
Bison provided food, shelter and objects, but also represented a kinship and a covenant.
Ritual life and teachings
The sacred pipe *čha-nú-pa*, connects prayer, breath and relationships; its use follows protocols.
A living and plural tradition
The colonial extermination of herds, residential schools and the ban on ceremonies sought to break this spiritual life.
History and development
The White Bison Woman transmitted, according to tradition, the sacred pipe and ceremonial teachings. The bison provided food, shelter and objects, but also represented a kinship and a covenant.
The colonial extermination of herds, residential schools and the ban on ceremonies sought to break this spiritual life. Communities have maintained and revitalized their practices.
Worldview, beliefs and practices
The sacred pipe *čha-nú-pa*, connects prayer, breath and relationships; its use follows protocols. The Sun's Dance, the quest for vision, the purification hut and the kinship ceremonies are among the seven rites in an influential formulation, but actual practice varies.
Not all Lakota follow the same paths.
Texts, symbols and transmission
Oral transmission, stories, songs and ceremonial objects. Circle, four directions, bison, eagle and pipe are important.
Caps, pipes and ceremonies are not available in Panamanian imitation accessories.
What research can and cannot say
The commodification of "lakota ceremonies" by non-Aboriginals can be dangerous and disrespectful. Studies must recognize cultural sovereignty and non-public knowledge.
References